Use Of Dexmedetomidine As An Adjuvant To 0.5% Hyperbaric Bupivacaine In Subarachnoid Block

The present study aimed at clinical evalution of dexmedetomidine 10 microgm, as an adjuvant to heavy bupivacaine 0.5% (4 ml) in subarachnoid block in patients scheduled for lower abdominal surgeries. Total no. of patients included in the study are 66 who are admitted in orthopaedic ward for lower limb surgeries, who are of ASAgrade I & II and age group between 18-60yrs. All the routine investigations of the patients were done and after complete PAC and preoperative preparations, patients were taken into O.T, all the standard monitoring applied and for subarachnoid block hyperbaric Bupivacaine 0.5% is a dose of 4ml (20mg) combined with or without Dexmedetomidine was administrated according to the assigned study group: 1.Group A- Inj. Bupivacaine- 20mg alone- control group 2.Group B- Inj. Bupivacaine- 20mg with Dexmedetomidine 10mcg-study group Data on onset & offset of sensory & motor block, degree of muscle relaxation, postoperative pain free period were recorded. Dermatome level of block, vitals & drug related complications were also noted. On the basis of observations, following conclusions are drawn: Rapid onset & increased duration of sensory block was seen in Grp B, Onset of motor block & post operative pain free period was prolonged in Grp. B. Sedation score was from 0-2 in study group.Other complications in study group were not significant.

A Microscopic Study Of Development In Human Fetal Pancreas

Forty aborted human fetuses (25 male, 15 female) of 12–40 weeks gestational age with no obvious congenital abnormality were obtained with the permission of Professor and Head, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of our medical college and prior consent of the parents. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of our college. These fetuses included spontaneous abortions and stillborns. The pancreas were dissected and paraffin blocks were prepared. The tissue was stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The development of the fetal pancreas at different gestational ages was noted and compared with previous studies.

Savitzky-Golay Filter for Denoising Lung Sound

ABSTRACT For computerized analysis of respiratory sounds to be effective, the acquired signal must be free from all the interfering elements. Different forms of noise which can degrade the quality of lung sounds are recording artifacts, power line/Radio Frequency (RF) interferences, ambient acoustic interferences, heart sound interference etc. Such interferences adversely affect the diagnostic interpretations. Powerful denoising techniques are necessary to resolve this issue. A denoising scheme for lung sounds, based on Savitzky-Golay (S-G) filter is proposed in this paper. The order and frame length of the SG filter is determined objectively using the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and computational time as objective function. Maximum SNR is observed when the frame length is nearest to the value just higher than the polynomial order. This observation holds good for different levels of simulated addictive Gaussian noise. The polynomial order of 8 and frame size of 9 are found to be promising with SNR of 10.401db at computation time of 2.1ms.

Study Of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology In Head And Neck Lesions.

Background and Objectives: This study is done to evaluate the role of FNAC in head and neck massesandal so to study their distribution. A correlation was done between cytology and histopathology whenever surgical specimens were available and to assess the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value in various head and neck lesions. Methodology: From500cases, FNA smears were taken and stained with PAP, MGG and special stains whenever required. FNA results were interpreted and analysed according to the anatomical sites and the lesions were categorized into inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. Results: Among 500 cases, histopathological correlations were available only in 103 cases. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of the positive test, predictive value of the negative test lesions which were being detected were88.89%, 80.64%, 66.67%, 50% respectively. There were no false positives. The diagnostic accuracy of the salivary gland, lymph node and soft tissue lesions were 87.13%. Conclusion: There was perfect agreement in a majority of the lesions. The technique is simple, safe, convenient and an accurate method for tissue diagnosis. Hence, FNAC is an effective diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of head and neck masses.

Spinal Cord Tumours - Histopathological Study Of 100 Cases.

Abstracts: Background: To study the distribution of 100 cases of wide range of spinal cord tumours in relation with their locations, age, sex and compare the obtained data with that of other series by different authors. Spinal cord tumours (SCTs) are mostly benign. Intraspinal tumours form 15 % of all CNS tumours. Primary spinal cord tumours (PSCTs) account for 4% of primary CNS tumours. In tumours of spinal cord are included those arising from within substance of spinal cord, leptomeninges, nerve roots, blood vessels and extradural structures and tissues. Methodology: We summarise the data of SCTs encountered over a period of six years received as biopsy from mass or excised mass. The biopsies were studied by paraffin sectioning and routine Hematoxylin-Eosin stain with PAS, Reticulin stains if necessary. Results: Among one hundred cases, 25 were intramedullary, 47 were extra-medullary intradural and 28 were extradural tumours. 85 were primary and 15 were metastatic in nature. Nerve Sheath Tumours (NSTs) 32% and meningioma 22% were most frequent tumours. Conclusion: The present study of 100 SCTs over 6 years revealed that meningioma 22 %, neurilemmoma 19 %, neurofibroma 13 %, ependymoma 12 % and astrocytoma 8 % comprised a large majority of Primary SCTs( PSCTs). 47 % of tumours were extramedullary, 28 % extradural and 25 % intramedullary tumours. 51 % of tumours involved dorsal region, 23 % lumbar and 19 % cervical. The study can contribute to epidemiologic knowledge of SCTs

Histogenesis of Developing Human Thyroid.

In human beings the thyroid gland is one of the largest of the endocrine organs. It is one of the earliest endocrine organs to be differentiated and has an important hormonal role in embryonic development. The importance of thyroid gland is to promote growth and development of the brain during fetal life and for the first few years of post-natal life[1, 2]. The purposes of present study are 1)to study the microscopic structure of the human thyroid in different gestational age groups of normal stillborn foetuses; 2) to correlate the size of thyroid follicles; the nature and amount of colloid content of thyroid follicles at different stages of development. The study was carried out on 50 stillborn normal human foetuses. The microscopic structure of thyroid was studied under light microscope. The study concluded the developmental staging of thyroid as: the precolloid stage; the colloid formation stage; the folliculogenesis stage; secretory activity stage.

Susceptibility of Anopheles campestris-like and Anopheles barbirostris species complexes to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in Thailand

Nine colonies of five sibling species members of Anopheles barbirostris complexes were experimentally infected with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. They were then dissected eight and 14 days after feeding for oocyst and sporozoite rates, respectively, and compared with Anopheles cracens. The results revealed that Anopheles campestris-like Forms E (Chiang Mai) and F (Udon Thani) as well as An. barbirostris species A3 and A4 were non-potential vectors for P. falciparum because 0 percent oocyst rates were obtained, in comparison to the 86.67-100 percent oocyst rates recovered from An. cracens. Likewise, An. campestris-like Forms E (Sa Kaeo) and F (Ayuttaya), as well as An. barbirostris species A4, were non-potential vectors for P. vivax because 0 percent sporozoite rates were obtained, in comparison to the 85.71-92.31 percent sporozoite rates recovered from An. cracens. An. barbirostris species A1, A2 and A3 were low potential vectors for P. vivax because 9.09 percent, 6.67 percent and 11.76 percent sporozoite rates were obtained, respectively, in comparison to the 85.71-92.31 percent sporozoite rates recovered from An. cracens. An. campestris-like Forms B and E (Chiang Mai) were high-potential vectors for P. vivax because 66.67 percent and 64.29 percent sporozoite rates were obtained, respectively, in comparison to 90 percent sporozoite rates recovered from An. cracens.

Presence of Hb S in Uttaranchal.

Haemoglobin-S has been reported in several studies on remote populations from various parts of India eg Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, West Bengal, Rajasthan and Malaysian Indians. Uttaranchal also has got scattered areas with people living in remote-pockets due to its geophysical nature. There has been no previous report from this state about prevalence of Hb-S. In the present study on 38 individual eight were found to have Hb-S positivity by sickling test. In one of these electrophoretic confirmation was positive with demonstration of associated Beta thalassaemia. The group was a family of muslims in village Baghori near Haldwani. Due to technical, geographical and social restrictions further study could not be done. However, this study does establish the presence of Hb-S-Beta thalassaemia in Uttaranchal State for the first time. Follow up study in the affected area and elsewhere in the state might discover more of Hb-S positivity, other haemoglobinopathies and thalassaemias.